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Linux System Programming
This book is about writing software that makes the most
effective use of the system you're running on -- code that
interfaces directly with the kernel and core system
libraries, including the shell, text editor, compiler,
debugger, core utilities, and system daemons. The majority
of both Unix and Linux code is still written
at the system
level, and Linux System Programming focuses on everything
above the kernel, where applications such as Apache, bash,
cp, vim, Emacs, gcc, gdb, glibc, ls, mv, and X exist.
Written primarily for engineers looking to program (better)
at the low level, this book is an ideal teaching tool for
any programmer. Even with the trend toward high-level
development, either through web software (such as PHP) or
managed code (C#), someone still has to write the PHP
interpreter and the C# virtual machine. Linux System
Programming gives you an understanding of core internals
that makes for better code, no matter where it appears in
the stack. Debugging high-level code often requires you to
understand the system calls and kernel behavior of your
operating system, too.
Key topics include:
An overview of Linux, the kernel, the C library, and the C
compiler
Reading from and writing to files, along with other basic
file I/O operations, including how the Linux kernel
implements and manages file I/O
Buffer size management, including the Standard I/O library
Advanced I/O interfaces, memory mappings, and optimization
techniques
The family of system calls for basic process management
Advanced process management, including real-time processes
File and directories-creating, moving, copying, deleting,
and managing them
Memory management -- interfaces for allocating memory,
managing the memory you
have, and optimizing your memory access
Signals and their role on a Unix system, plus basic and
advanced signal interfaces
Time, sleeping, and clock management, starting with the
basics and continuing through POSIX clocks and high
resolution timers
With Linux System Programming, you will be able to take an
in-depth look at Linux from both a theoretical and an
applied perspective as you cover a wide range of programming
topics.
CONTENTS:
Foreword
Preface
1. Introduction and Essential Concepts
System Programming
APIs and ABIs
Standards
Concepts of Linux Programming
Getting Started with System Programming
2. File I/O
Opening Files
Reading via read( )
Writing with write( )
Synchronized I/O
Direct I/O
Closing Files
Seeking with lseek( )
Positional Reads and Writes
Truncating Files
Multiplexed I/O
Kernel Internals
Conclusion
3. Buffered I/O
User-Buffered I/O
Standard I/O
Opening Files
Opening a Stream via File Descriptor
Closing Streams
Reading from a Stream
Writing to a Stream
Sample Program Using Buffered I/O
Seeking a Stream
Flushing a Stream
Errors and End-of-File
Obtaining the Associated File Descriptor
Controlling the Buffering
Thread Safety
Critiques of Standard I/O
Conclusion
4. Advanced File I/O
Scatter/Gather I/O
The Event Poll Interface
Mapping Files into Memory
Advice for Normal File I/O
Synchronized, Synchronous, and Asynchronous Operations
I/O Schedulers and I/O Performance
Conclusion
5. Process Management
The Process ID
Running a New Process
Terminating a Process
Waiting for Terminated Child Processes
Users and Groups
Sessions and Process Groups
Daemons
Conclusion
6. Advanced Process Management
Process Scheduling
Yielding the Processor
Process Priorities
Processor Affinity
Real-Time Systems
Resource Limits
7. File and Directory Management
Files and Their Metadata
Directories
Links
Copying and Moving Files
Device Nodes
Out-of-Band Communication
Monitoring File Events
8. Memory Management
The Process Address Space
Allocating Dynamic Memory
Managing the Data Segment
Anonymous Memory Mappings
Advanced Memory Allocation
Debugging Memory Allocations
Stack-Based Allocations
Choosing a Memory Allocation Mechanism
Manipulating Memory
Locking Memory
Opportunistic Allocation
9. Signals
Signal Concepts
Basic Signal Management
Sending a Signal
Reentrancy
Signal Sets
Blocking Signals
Advanced Signal Management
Sending a Signal with a Payload
Conclusion
10. Time
Time's Data Structures
POSIX Clocks
Getting the Current Time of Day
Setting the Current Time of Day
Playing with Time
Tuning the System Clock
Sleeping and Waiting
Timers
Appendix. GCC Extensions to the C Language
Bibliography
Index
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