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The IBOC Handbook: Understanding HD Radio Technology
Radio broadcast engineers seeking to design and operate HD Radio[trademark] transmission systems will benefit from the detailed exposition of the technology. The book lays out the entire structure of this digital transmission system. System equations are presented in a manner that is useful to those interested in them, while retaining a clear narrative
for those who seek a general understanding of how the technology works.The book also presents a summary of the history of the technology and the NRSC-5 standard, as well as forward-looking information on emerging technologies and applications. The IBOC Handbook includes numerous diagrams and explanations of the system protocol stack and transmission systems for digital radio. First and only overview of the newly approved NRSC-5 Standard, this book informs the reader about the interconnected parts of IBOC technology, on paper - from standards setting to system architecture - and in hardware - from audio and data technology to transmission.
Contents:
1
Preface 2
Table of Contents 3
Introduction SECTION 1- BACKGROUND 4
State of the IBOC Industry 4.1
Brief history of digital radio broadcasting 4.1.1
Other technologies 4.1.1.1
DAB 4.1.1.2
ISDB 4.1.1.3
DRM 4.1.1.4
Satellite radio 4.1.1.4.1
Terrestrial repeaters 4.1.2
The rise of IBOC 4.1.2.1
Garage science- early 1990?s 4.1.2.2
competitive environment 4.1.2.2.1
The drive to create an in-band solution 4.1.2.2.2
1995 tests- DABJPL/VOA/ATT-Amati/USADR, etc- discuss only as a milestone in USA IBOC evolution- not system details
4.1.2.3
USADR gets serious, 1995 4.1.2.4
NRSC DAB subcommittee reconvenes 4.1.2.5
Test & Evaluation process 4.1.2.5.1
Goal: Is IBOC better than analog? 4.1.3
The NRSC-5 Standard 4.1.3.1
Initiation 4.1.3.2
Bumps in the Road 4.1.3.2.1
Codec 4.1.3.3
World of possibilities 4.1.3.3.1
Advanced Data Services 4.1.3.3.2
RDS alignment 4.1.3.3.3
Surround sound 4.1.3.3.4
Multicasting 4.1.4
What is HD Radio? 4.1.5
Regulatory status 4.1.5.1
FCC Rulemaking 4.1.5.2
(Be careful to avoid soon-to-change information) 4.2
Station Deployments 4.2.1
Statistics 4.2.1.1
annual progression? 4.2.2
Market Analysis 4.2.2.1
Who is deploying? 4.2.2.2
What is being deployed most? 4.2.3
Receiver penetration 4.3
IBOC Economics 4.3.1
HD Radio Licensing 4.3.1.1
Broadcasters- various fee and feature levels, timing 4.3.1.2
Manufacturers 4.3.2
Conversion costs 4.3.3
Receiver price curve? (cost versus market penetration) 5
How IBOC was approved 5.1
NRSC test and evaluation process 5.1.1
Performance criteria 5.1.1.1
audio quality 5.1.1.2
compatibility with analog receivers 5.1.1.3
extensibility 5.1.1.4
data capability 5.1.1.5
etc.- (take from NRSC eval document) 5.1.1.6
coverage 5.1.1.7
acquisition time 5.1.2
Independent and audited testing to NRSC specifications 5.1.2.1
Only core modes 5.1.2.2
ATSC, lab/iBiquity, field 5.1.2.2.1
Objective testing 5.1.2.2.2
Subjective testing- explain ACR MOS 5.1.2.3
Locations and conditions 5.1.2.4
Audio 5.1.2.4.1
How the changing codecs were handled 5.1.2.5
Analog compatibility 5.1.2.6
Coverage 5.1.3
overall better than analog? 6
Overview of NRSC-5 6.1
Standard 6.2
Reference Documents 6.3
Hybrid vs extended hybrid vs all-digital 6.4
AM 6.5
FM 6.6
Common References 6.7
Data 6.8
The protocol stack, an overview SECTION 2- THE PROTOCOL STACK 7
From the top down: The HDC Audio Codec 7.1
How a codec works 7.2
Evolution of HDC 7.3
Layering 7.3.1
AM hybrid 7.3.2
FM all digital 7.4
Embedded program-associated text 7.4.1
MPSD, SPSD 7.4.2
ID3 basis 7.4.3
fields available, extensibility? 7.4.4
display issues 7.4.5
number of characters 7.4.6
scrolling, truncating, paging (right name on the last one?) 7.5
Other codecs? 8
From the top down: Source Multiplexing (?Layer 2?) 8.1
Bringing audio and data together on the channel (N.B
Many of these subsections are only publishable if the data protocol becomes public domain or iBiquity gives permission by October manuscript date) 8.1.1
Opportunistic data 8.1.2
fixed data 8.1.3
packetization variations- 8.1.3.1
ports and protocols- 8.1.3.2
data as a stream- 8.1.3.3
extra interleaving and FEC for data 8.2
Bandwidth allocation 9
From the top down: Channel Multiplexing and Transmission (?Layer 1?) 9.1
The frame 9.1.1
Purpose of a frame 9.1.2
Reasons for the frame length 9.1.3
Latency 9.2
Logical Channels 9.2.1
Station Modes 9.2.2
PIDS/SIDS 9.2.3
P1-P3 9.3
Packing the frame? how, what and why 9.3.1
Scrambling 9.3.2
Channel encoding 9.3.3
Interleaving 9.4
Carrier Mapping 10
From the top down: The physical layer- OFDM 10.1
OFDM principles 10.1.1
The role of FFT in OFDM 10.2
How OFDM is used for AM and FM band IBOC 10.3
AM OFDM carriers, groupings, power and mask 10.4
FM OFDM carriers, groupings, power and mask 11
Other input: the data services structure 11.1
protocols 11.2
organizing data for transmission 11.3
Data services 11.3.1
Bandwidth demands 11.3.2
Impulse Radio model- data as an internet pipe 11.3.3
subcarrier model- data as a leased private pipe SECTION 3- SYSTEMS AND HARDWARE 12
IBOC system building blocks 12.1
Exciter 12.2
Importer/exporter 12.3
STL?s, satellite delivery 12.3.1
WUMB initial test 12.4
Relationships with protocol stack 12.5
Differential LVDS data streams between devices 12.5.1
Audio to exciter 12.5.2
digital waveform generator to exciter 12.6
Waveform synthesis and combining overview 13
Creating Digital Waveforms 13.1
Power Compression 13.1.1
Description 13.1.2
spectral regrowth 13.1.3
precorrection 13.1.3.1
fixed 13.1.3.2
variable 13.1.3.3
dynamic 13.2
Isolation from other signals 13.2.1
Turnaround loss 13.3
Digital-only waveforms 13.3.1
Part of a hybrid system 13.3.2
All-digital transmission 14
Creating Hybrid waveforms 14.1
High-level combining 14.1.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.1.2
Techniques, practical applications 14.1.3
Filters and system design 14.1.4
Calculations 14.2
Low-level combining 14.2.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.2.2
Techniques, practical applications 14.2.3
System design 14.2.4
Calculations 14.3
Split level combining 14.3.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.3.2
Techniques, practical applications 14.3.3
System design 14.3.4
Calculations 14.4
direct synthesis (use most common name for it) 14.4.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.4.2
Techniques, practical applications 14.4.3
System design 14.4.4
Calculations 14.5
dual feed antenna (is this being patented?) 14.5.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.5.2
Techniques and Design, practical applications 14.5.2.1
A primer on 4-port hybrids 14.5.2.2
Antenna hybrids 14.5.2.3
Master antenna combiners 14.5.2.4
Isolation 14.5.3
Calculations 14.6
Separate antennas 14.6.1
Benefits and shortcomings 14.6.2
Techniques, practical applications 14.6.3
System design 14.6.4
Calculations 14.6.4.1
Isolation 15
Audio 15.1
STL transport options 15.2
Audio processing 15.3
audio delay 15.4
Multicasting 15.5
Impact of changing codec modes on listener experience 16
AM Considerations 16.1
Analog audio bandwidth 16.2
Antenna impedance and bandwidth 16.3
Antenna Improvements 16.4
AM Nighttime Operations 17
Data input and management 17.1
interfacing with studios and automation 17.2
MPDS, SPDS 17.3
ADS 18
Receivers 18.1
Models and Features 19
Coverage 19.1
FM coverage 19.2
AM coverage 20
IBOC facility issues 20.1
Power Consumption 20.2
Space requirements and heat loading 20.3
Off-air monitoring delay 20.4
Managing Audio coders in the digital plant 21
IBOC specifications, regulations and measurements 21.1
FCC requirements 21.1.1
licensing/authorization 21.1.2
spectrum occupancy 21.1.3
AM nighttime operation 21.2
Measuring for RF mask compliance 21.3
solving mask problems 21.4
monitors- capabilities 21.4.1
Traditional modulation monitors 21.4.2
Aztec, Day Sequerra, Belar 21.4.2.1
IBOC measured values 21.4.2.2
Analog measured values 21.4.3
Delay alignment 21.4.3.1
Kenwood test mode 21.4.4
vector analysis Appendix- CD ROM with useful graphics, figures, routines and manufacturers? reference info
Glossary Index References
Brief Description:
Intended for radio broadcast engineers seeking to design and operate HD Radio[trademark] transmission systems, this book lays out the structure of this digital transmission system. It also presents a summary of the history of the technology and the NRSC-5 standard.
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